Abstract
Petrochemical production, a resource and energy intensive industry, is a major cause of greenhouse gas emissions. As part of the low-carbon transition to net-zero emissions, further efforts and measures are required from petrochemical plants. Here we provide a comprehensive overview of advanced technologies and recent developments in reducing greenhouse gas emissions in the petrochemical industries and associated upstream and downstream processes, as well as the challenges and prospects involved. The technologies and strategies were assessed on the basis of their environmental impact, effectiveness, economic and safety aspects. The Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism and IT-based energy management technologies such as carbon labeling, blockchain and artificial intelligence were also discussed. Based on the examined case studies in typical petrochemical industries, it is clear that a combination of mitigation and advanced technologies is more effective to save energy and resources, improve energy efficiency and build a green and clean industry. Although this study focuses on the petrochemical industries, it also provides insights and relevance for broader industrial sectors worldwide. This study identifies future research directions for the management of greenhouse gas emissions and could promote and support the low-carbon industrial chain and circular economy of the petrochemical industries.
Abbreviations
- AI: Artificial Intelligence
- CBAM: The Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism
- CO2: Carbon Dioxide
- CH4: Methane
- CCUS: Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage
- CCU: Carbon Capture and Utilization
- CCS: Carbon Capture and Storage
- HNO3: Nitric Acid
- ISO 14067: International Organization for Standardization
- GWP: Global Warming Potential
- LCA: Life-cycle Assessment
- MOR: MordeniteN2O, Nitrous Oxide
- PAS 2050: Publicly Available Specification 2050
- PLA: Polylactic Acid or Polylactide
- SCR: Selective Catalytic Reduction
- SMR-HB: Steam Methane Reforming Haber–Bosch
Keywords
Greenhouse gas emissions, Petrochemical industry, Mitigation strategies, Recent advances, Climate neutrality
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